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Diverse Populations and Health Disparities

Organizations, Associations, and Agencies

• Center for Cross-Cultural Research
  "The Center for Cross-Cultural Psychology was established for the scientific study of and education about cultural influences on human psychological functioning. Culture is broadly taken to mean shared meanings and understanding (e.g., values, norms, attitudes) held by group members."

• The Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP)
  "Recognizing the diversity and the different ways to health, the mission of the Cross Cultural Health Care Program is to serve as a bridge between communities and health care institutions to ensure full access to quality health care that is culturally and linguistically appropriate."

• Health People 2010
  In order to locate information on various populations at this website 1. Click on Data. 2. Then click on Leading Health Indicators.

• MedlinePlus: Population Groups
  Locate trusted health information provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health about a variety of population groups.

• Minority Women's Health: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
  This is the federal governments source for minority women's health information.

• National Institutes of Health: Minority Health
  The National Institutes of Health provides information on a select group of minorities.

• Office of Minority Health: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
  The mission of the Office of Minority Health (OMH) is to improve and protect the health of racial and ethnic minority populations through the development of health policies and programs...

• Medline Plus: Men's Health
  Locate trusted information specific to men's health information provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.

• MedlinePlus: Health Disparities
  Locate trusted health information provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health about a variety of population groups.

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Internet Resources

• ACP-ASIM Guidelines
  From American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Evidence-based guidelines developed using the CEAP (Clinical Efficacy Assessment Project) process.

• Cancer Care Ontario: Program in Evidence-Based Care (PEBC) and Practice Guidelines Initiative (CCOPGI)
  These projects develop and maintain evidence-based care information for patients, families, and health care providers, including clinical practice guidelines and evidence summaries.

• Cochrane Collaboration
  International organization that promotes well-informed decisions about health care by preparing, maintaining, and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews of the effects of health care interventions.

• Evidence-Based Practice, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
  Includes Evidence Reports produced by the 12 current Evidence-Based Practice Centers (EPCs). Each EPC reviews all relevant scientific literature on its assigned clinical care topics to produce the reports.

• Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing & Midwifery
  International Research Collaboration based in Adelaide with collaborating centers focusing on nursing, midwifery, allied health, and multi-professional practice.

• NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
  Includes systematic reviews on selected topics, searchable databases, Cochrane Library User Group and training materials.

• Practice Guidelines, American Psychiatric Association

• Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
  SIGN's evidence-based guidelines are based on a systematic review and critical appraisal of current scientific literature and graded according to the strength of the supporting evidence. Member organizations represent "all the medical specialties, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, professions allied to medicine, patients, health service managers, social services, and researchers."

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Search Engines and Directories

• CDC Prevention Guidelines Database, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  Contains current and archived guidelines and recommendations approved by the CDC for the prevention and control of disease, injuries, and disabilities.

• Clinical Queries Using Research Methodology Filters
  Specialized PubMed searches use built-in filters to identify studies in one of four categories: therapy, diagnosis, etiology, prognosis. An additional feature lets users identify systematic reviews on their topic on interest.

• CMA Infobase, Canadian Medical Association
  Clinical practice guidelines produced or endorsed in Canada by a national, provincial or territorial medical or health organization, professional society, government agency or expert panel.

• CRD Databases, NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
  Includes Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), a database of high-quality systematic research reviews of the effectiveness of health care interventions; NHS Economic Evaluation Database, a database of structured abstracts of economic evaluations of health care interventions; and the Health Technology Assessment Database.

• National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC)
  Comprehensive database of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that is searchable by disease, intervention, and organization. Users can create their own point-by-point guideline comparisons. Produced by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in partnership with the American Medical Association and the American Association of Health Plans.

• OTSeeker
  Developed by occupational therapists from two Australian universities, OTSeeker is a searchable database containing citations (and some abstracts) of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials relevant to occupational therapy. Trials have been critically appraised and rated for validity and interpretability.

• PEDro
  The Physiotherapy Evidence Database, from the Centre for Evidence-Based Physiotherapy, University of Sydney.

• SUMSearch
  Searches multiple resources (textbook, guidelines, PubMed) simultaneously for medical evidence.

• TRIP (Turning Research Into Practice)
  Simultaneous search of multiple sources, with results organized into categories including evidence-based, peer-reviewed journals, and guidelines. Ongoing access to TRIP requires a subscription, but a small number of free searches and also a free trial are available.

• US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
  USPSTF is an independent panel of primary care and prevention experts that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services. The organization’s third report is being released in sequential installments beginning in 2002. This page also includes links to PDF files for recommendations from the 2nd edition (1996) Guide to Clinical Preventive Services.

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Electronic Newsletters and Journals

• Bandolier
  Evidence-based reviews on clinical topics originally organized as bullet points. Produced monthly for the National Health Service (UK) Research & Development Directorate.

• Rational Clinical Examination
  Dating back to 1992, the Rational Clinical Examination series in the Journal of the American Medical Association comes from the Society of General Internal Medicine’s Clinical Examination Research Interest Group. The index here on the Group’s Web site includes links to full text.

• Therapeutics Letter
  Each issue of this bi-monthly publication addresses an identified problematic therapeutic issue with brief, simple, practical messages in the form of evidence-based reviews.

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Multimedia Resources

• EBM Calculator v1.1a
  Designed to calculate relevant statistics for diagnostic studies, prospective studies, case control studies and randomized control trials (RCT). It is a Palm version of the Stats Calculator. Offered by Mount Sinai Hospital - University Health Network.

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Teaching and Learning

• CASP Learning Resources
  Have you ever found yourself at the end of a literature search with 4000 references? Help from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) of NHS’ Public Health Resource Unit. Includes an assortment of validated and untested search filters for MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, plus critical appraisal tools and a guide to sources of evidence.

• Evidence-based Medicine Resource Center
  Varied, useful site that pulls together searchable databases, glossaries, and resources for teaching and for clinical practice. See the Publications section for both a bibliography of frequently cited items and a regularly-updated list of recent articles.

• Evidence-Based Medicine Tutorial
  Clear, easy-to-read primer from Medical Research Library of Brooklyn, SUNY Downstate Medical Center.

• Evidence-Based Medicine: What it is and what it isn’t
  By David L. Sackett, William M.C. Rosenberg, J.A. Muir Gray, R. Brian Haynes, and W. Scott Richardson. Based on a January 13, 1996 editorial from the British Medicine Journal (BMJ 1996; 312: 71-2)

• Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine
  Web tutorial developed by Connie Schardt, Duke University Medical Center Library and Jill Mayer, Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

• PubMed Health Services Research (HSR) Queries
  Validated filters to use in searching PubMed for six different types of studies: appropriateness, process assessment, outcomes assessment, costs, economics of health care services, and qualitative.

• The EBM Toolbox
  This Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine collection includes generic resources (Glossary of EBM Terms, Comparison of Study Designs) plus definitions, calculations, and examples for statistical measures used in evidence-based evaluation.

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Other Resources

• CONSORT
  CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) is an international initiative to improve the quality of reports of randomized controlled trials.

• CONSORT: Further initiatives
  The CONSORT approach is being used to improve reporting of other types of investigations as well. These initiatives include:

• STARD
  Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy.

• MOOSE
  Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology.

• QUOROM
  Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses.

• STROBE
  Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology.

• ASSERT
  A Standard for the Scientific and Ethical Review of Trials, a structured approach for use by research ethics committees in reviewing proposals for and monitoring conduct of randomized controlled clinical trials.

• Users’ Guides to Evidence-Based Practice
  Based on the JAMA series

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